Preexisting mild sleep disturbance as a vulnerability factor for inflammation-induced depressed mood: a human experimental study.
Title | Preexisting mild sleep disturbance as a vulnerability factor for inflammation-induced depressed mood: a human experimental study. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Authors | Cho HJ, Eisenberger NI, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Irwin MR |
Journal | Transl Psychiatry |
Volume | 6 |
Pagination | e750 |
Date Published | 2016 |
ISSN | 2158-3188 |
Abstract | Sleep disturbance and depression are common, particularly in females, and sleep disturbance is a well-known risk factor for depression. Systemic inflammation has been suggested as a potential mechanism of this association. This study examined whether preexisting sleep disturbance acted as a vulnerability factor for depressed mood induced by an inflammatory challenge in healthy females vs males. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, volunteers aged 18-50 (N = 111; 67 females) were assigned to placebo or low-dose endotoxin. Before substance administration, sleep disturbance was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and dichotomized using median split (⩾ 3 vs < 3). Self-reported depressed mood (profile of mood states) and circulating proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) were repeatedly assessed over 6 h. Among females, moderation of depressed mood by sleep disturbance was significant even after adjustment for covariates (X(2) = 12.73, df = 6, P < 0.05). There was a robust time-by-condition interaction in females with sleep disturbance (X(2) = 26.22, df = 6, P < 0.001), but not in females without sleep disturbance (X(2) = 8.65, df = 6, P = 0.19). Although cytokines increased equally in all females, the correlations between cytokines and depressed mood were significantly stronger in females with sleep disturbance. Among males, no moderating effect of sleep disturbance was observed. Inflammation-induced depressed mood was considerably more severe among females reporting mild sleep disturbance compared with those reporting no sleep disturbance, suggesting that even mild sleep disturbance may increase vulnerability for inflammation-induced depression in females. Furthermore, sleep disturbance appears to increase the vulnerability to depression by augmenting affective sensitivity to cytokines rather than by enhancing cytokine responses to inflammatory challenge in females. |
DOI | 10.1038/tp.2016.23 |
Alternate Journal | Transl Psychiatry |
PubMed ID | 26954978 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4872448 |
Grant List | 5R01MH091352 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States K23AG049085 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States KL2TR000122 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States P30 AG028748 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States P30AG028748 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01AG026364 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01AG034588 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01CA119159 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States R01CA160245-01 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States R01DA032922-01 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States R01HL095799 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States UL1TR000124 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States |