Interactions of the histamine and hypocretin systems in CNS disorders.
Title | Interactions of the histamine and hypocretin systems in CNS disorders. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Authors | Shan L, Dauvilliers Y, Siegel JM |
Journal | Nature Reviews Neurology |
Volume | 11 |
Issue | 7 |
Pagination | 401-13 |
Date Published | 2015 Jul |
ISSN | 1759-4766 |
Keywords | Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Histamine, Histamine Agonists, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Histamine H3 Antagonists, Humans, Huntington Disease, Narcolepsy, Neurons, Orexins, Parkinson Disease, Tourette Syndrome |
Abstract | Histamine and hypocretin neurons are localized to the hypothalamus, a brain area critical to autonomic function and sleep. Narcolepsy type 1, also known as narcolepsy with cataplexy, is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired night-time sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and short latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep after sleep onset. In narcolepsy, 90% of hypocretin neurons are lost; in addition, two groups reported in 2014 that the number of histamine neurons is increased by 64% or more in human patients with narcolepsy, suggesting involvement of histamine in the aetiology of this disorder. Here, we review the role of the histamine and hypocretin systems in sleep-wake modulation. Furthermore, we summarize the neuropathological changes to these two systems in narcolepsy and discuss the possibility that narcolepsy-associated histamine abnormalities could mediate or result from the same processes that cause the hypocretin cell loss. We also review the changes in the hypocretin and histamine systems, and the associated sleep disruptions, in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease and Tourette syndrome. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches for manipulation of the histamine system. |
DOI | 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.99 |
Alternate Journal | Nat Rev Neurol |
PubMed ID | 26100750 |
Grant List | DA034748 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States MH064109 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States NS14610 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States |